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[Music]

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welcome to the skeptic zone the podcast

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from Australia for science and reason

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[Music]

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[Applause]

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[Music]

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the skeptic zone podcast episode number

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514 for the 26th of august 2018

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Richardson is here with you for me at

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last a rainy Sydney Australia coming up

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on this week's show a special interview

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with Stephen Barrett MD one of the

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people behind quack watch quack watch a

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wonderful resource for skeptics and the

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well non skeptics alike I guess covering

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no end of quackery from acupuncture to

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homeopathy all the classics all the

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classics are there in detail a wonderful

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website I'll be speaking to Stephen

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Barrett about why he put that together

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and some of his other concerns coming up

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at the top of the show Steven Barrett MD

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from quack watch and I must say a big

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thank you to Jeff gehlbach who helped me

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arrange this interview with Stephen

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Barrett following that part 2 of speed

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meet the scientists here in Sydney a

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couple of weeks ago at the Powerhouse

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Museum they had a wonderful open to the

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public night evening with a room full of

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scientists and I was running around with

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my microphone meeting as many as

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possible part two this week and part

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three next week coming up on this week's

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segment of speed meet the scientists

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we're going to be learning about

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hitchhiking crustaceans decomposing

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bodies and fecal matter yeah and I'm

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sure you'll agree with me that the young

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scientists I'm speaking to are certainly

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inspiring and interesting after that

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news of the wallaby no not the

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Australian rugby union team oh dear they

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were thrashed by the All Blacks just

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last night no the wallaby award from the

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Australian skeptics for journalism it's

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a new award are we going to be

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presenting this at the convention this

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year find out what the wallaby is all

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about a bit later on in the show then to

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round up the show its main out back at

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the Australian Museum with part three of

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his meeting the scientists tonight he

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speaks to various people including Ruben

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Reuben the surfing scientist and also

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meets a goanna yes

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Joanna it was very big but very nice

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Joanna the goanna now before we get

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stuck into the show a little reminder

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about the upcoming convention I know

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I've been reminding you a lot about the

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upcoming convention but I'd like to tell

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you about the Friday evening welcome

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event and this will be on the 12th of

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October at the Occidental hotel which is

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in when you'd sydney now Sydney

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listeners who come to skeptics in the

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pub will know this pub very well every

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month and listeners to the show will

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know of course we have may not doing

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interviews from skeptics in the pub

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every month normally we're on either one

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or two levels of this pub well this this

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event the Friday evening welcome event

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we're going to be taking over two levels

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one level will be for those who'd like

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to have a sit-down meal and chat to

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other skeptics and take part in a trivia

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night

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now some months ago we had a sceptical

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trivia night at skeptics in the pub

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which was a great success well this time

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it's a general trivia night so a great

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opportunity to meet and mingle with

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other skeptics and enjoy some trivia and

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this event is free absolutely freak

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please come along Friday to 12th from 6

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p.m. at the Occidental hotel and if

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you'd like to come along just RSVP at

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skeptics comdata you slash event slash

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national - convention or just click the

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link in this week's show notes and that

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page will also give you the opportunity

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to buy your normal convention tickets

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and the dinner the gala three-course

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dinner on the 13th of October

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including beverages oh yes and that's

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we'll have entertainment and the

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skeptics Awards while I'm looking

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forward to all of that and joining us

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for the trivia night will be presenters

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Lara Benham and Maynard but now it's

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time for me to run downstairs run into

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the cupboard

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come on open the door run downstairs run

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into the carpet I wonder where those

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cats are they were on the promotion this

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week I thought they'd be

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here hmm time for me to run downstairs

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making sure I don't trip over the cats

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have some have some butterscotch pudding

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this week Thank You Trish hmm come back

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upstairs and bring you the skipping zone

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[Music]

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joining me now all the way from

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beautiful North Carolina is a man I'd

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wanted to chat to for a very long time

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it's the one of the people behind the

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incredibly useful and successful quack

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watch website Stephan Barratt MD hello

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Steven hi returned really nice to talk

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with you I've been advising my listeners

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for over 10 years now or about 10 years

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about quack watch and suggesting that

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they go they're running little

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promotions for it it's nice to talk to

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someone someone behind a quack watch

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first of all for the benefit of our

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listeners what's your your background

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I'm a retired psychiatrist that is I

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went to medical school and then took

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specialty training in psychiatry I

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practiced for a total of 35 years but in

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the late 1960s I got interested in the

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field of misinformation and deception

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anything to do with that

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and my interest gradually grew to the

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point where in the mid 1970s I started

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cutting down my psychiatric time and

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began investigating I soon found that

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the media were not particularly

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interested in what I was finding so I

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decided that in order to have a good

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outlet for what I was learning I would

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have to do some writing myself and so I

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learned how to write and became a writer

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and hooked up with a very interested

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publisher put out a lot of books and

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began to get noticed

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I had quite a bit of influence I think

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during the 1980s I had made a lot of

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talk show appearances and had articles

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published here and there and then when

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the internet came along

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it was very interesting for me because

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it used to take months to do an

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investigation on now sometimes you can

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do an investigation in a couple of hours

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so right I greatly expanded what I look

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at and of course the Reach is enormous

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it truly is and I must say that and I'm

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sure my listeners know who have visited

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quack watch that the website itself and

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how it's grown but the site itself is an

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enormous resource for quackery and

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looking into this sort of thing just

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looking down the list of topics

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mentioned it is extensive and I've

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visited this site quite regularly

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features about acupuncture to

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chiropractic to all sorts of things

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Chinese medicine it just goes on and on

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and on and really you have to scroll and

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scroll and scroll and scroll there's so

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many items there but it says right at

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the top one of the points that makes out

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is this site is a network isn't it it's

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a network of people yes well I it's not

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a formal network I get mail from people

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all over the world every day I used to

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get things in my mail my physical

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mailbox now I get emails saying hey

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would you look at this or I wrote that

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could you share it could you write about

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it could you investigate hey I read

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something about that you wrote and here

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some more information so basically every

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page is really a living potentially a

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living article where people can send new

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information and they could also correct

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me one of the nice things about about

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the Internet is that if you happen to

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make something it happened to say

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something wrong you can be corrected and

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you can be updated and that's really

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it's just great because it contributes

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to to accuracy you're absolutely right

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and of course this is an underpinning of

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the scientific method but I guess in

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your case particularly it can be an

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interesting

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a bit of a quagmire because not only

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will people write in periodically to

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correct you which is a good thing with

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new and better information but I imagine

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you would get your fair share of people

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wanting to correct you to their point of

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view in other words attacking some of

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the the articles on your website you

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must get lots of in emails like that the

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mail is probably more positive then then

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the emails are more positive than

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negative I don't actually get a

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tremendous amount of of criticisms or or

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nasty mail not sure why that is now I

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don't have a bulletin board on many

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websites you people can post information

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I couldn't possibly do that because then

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I would get a tremendous amount of hate

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messages I know that would happen I

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don't need that I wouldn't even have

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time to read them all you're absolutely

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right you're absolutely right you

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wouldn't because I mean I know even here

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at the skeptic zone podcast I'll get

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people writing and accusing me of being

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nothing more than a shill for big

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pharmaceutical companies or or whatever

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the case may be so there I'm glad that

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most of your feedback is positive that's

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a very encouraging sign and it one of

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the more interesting segments on your

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website I find is the 26 ways you've

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written to spot quackery and that's a

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that must have come about after years of

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looking into quackery well actually it

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was developed by Victor Herbert who was

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a one of the main people fighting

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quackery in the 1970s he had a lot of

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ideas and I met him in the early 1970s

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and we worked out the article together

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since that time I've only added a few

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actually he really did a comprehensive

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job and as I say I added a few things so

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um but we have others that we have

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probably at least

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thirty or forty other things that can

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make you suspicious and again those were

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developed gradually but the basic

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information really hasn't changed that

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much the basic idea is to try to

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undermine your credibility and I just

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love the one about how people conclude

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that they just absolutely know that I'm

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in the pocket of drug companies or I'm

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this with drug companies and that with

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drug companies I just love to hear that

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this how do they know they seem so

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certain

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because in their mind if you attack my

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ideas you're part of an enemy and the

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fact is with me and drug companies I'm

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no friend to drug companies so I

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appreciate the fact that they make good

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drugs but I'm very concerned about about

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their economic practices i I'm part of a

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team and in the United States they're

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trying very hard to impress the lower

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drug prices I think the prices of many

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drugs are just absolutely outrageous

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yeah absolutely right and I can't help

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that just glancing right now as we're

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speaking I'm glancing across this page

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the 26 ways to spot quackery and I

275
00:13:12,920 --> 00:13:09,750
certainly recommend this page

276
00:13:15,680 --> 00:13:12,930
specifically to our listeners and we

277
00:13:18,260 --> 00:13:15,690
would look at things as what we might

278
00:13:19,550 --> 00:13:18,270
call red flags they claim that natural

279
00:13:22,220 --> 00:13:19,560
vitamins are better than synthetic

280
00:13:24,650 --> 00:13:22,230
vitamins there's another red flag is

281
00:13:26,660 --> 00:13:24,660
people who go on about fluoride and

282
00:13:28,819 --> 00:13:26,670
things like that so this is I think this

283
00:13:30,380 --> 00:13:28,829
is a great grounding Stevan for people

284
00:13:34,069 --> 00:13:30,390
interested in this may be new to

285
00:13:36,530 --> 00:13:34,079
skepticism or wanting to do research

286
00:13:38,990 --> 00:13:36,540
it's it's a great way to start but again

287
00:13:42,740 --> 00:13:39,000
folks I just keep saying the site itself

288
00:13:45,889 --> 00:13:42,750
the site itself is extensive many many

289
00:13:47,930 --> 00:13:45,899
hours and years of course of work goes

290
00:13:51,290 --> 00:13:47,940
into that but tell me Steven in your

291
00:13:53,360 --> 00:13:51,300
opinion of all the quackery all the

292
00:13:54,800 --> 00:13:53,370
quacks out there what do you think is

293
00:13:59,630 --> 00:13:54,810
the most urgent or one of the most

294
00:14:03,500 --> 00:13:59,640
pressing for us to to look at there's

295
00:14:04,579 --> 00:14:03,510
really no answer to that because what

296
00:14:07,800 --> 00:14:04,589
you have is

297
00:14:11,069 --> 00:14:07,810
huge numbers of people are being misled

298
00:14:13,259 --> 00:14:11,079
to make small mistakes and smaller

299
00:14:15,360 --> 00:14:13,269
numbers of people are being misled to

300
00:14:18,150 --> 00:14:15,370
make very big and sometimes very

301
00:14:19,889 --> 00:14:18,160
dangerous mistakes and so which is more

302
00:14:24,000 --> 00:14:19,899
important I don't concern myself with

303
00:14:25,949 --> 00:14:24,010
that I write about what's convenient for

304
00:14:29,430 --> 00:14:25,959
me to write about if I get some good

305
00:14:32,519 --> 00:14:29,440
information I don't care if it's an

306
00:14:34,440 --> 00:14:32,529
obscure problem or not if I can write

307
00:14:36,960 --> 00:14:34,450
something about it with because I have

308
00:14:39,150 --> 00:14:36,970
the information then that becomes a

309
00:14:41,280 --> 00:14:39,160
priority but there are certain things

310
00:14:45,329 --> 00:14:41,290
that really concern me if we get away

311
00:14:46,860 --> 00:14:45,339
from what's most - you know what's the

312
00:14:52,170 --> 00:14:46,870
biggest problems the things that concern

313
00:14:57,410 --> 00:14:52,180
me one thing in particular just annoys

314
00:15:01,920 --> 00:14:57,420
me and that is the the huge market in

315
00:15:04,319 --> 00:15:01,930
quack devices that supposedly can figure

316
00:15:07,680 --> 00:15:04,329
out what's wrong with you and recommend

317
00:15:11,810 --> 00:15:07,690
what you should do about it what bothers

318
00:15:15,630 --> 00:15:11,820
me is that is that the government

319
00:15:19,740 --> 00:15:15,640
agencies don't seem to think that

320
00:15:21,540 --> 00:15:19,750
there's any reason to do any kind of

321
00:15:25,949 --> 00:15:21,550
systematic regulation there have been

322
00:15:29,069 --> 00:15:25,959
maybe 30 or so regulatory actions

323
00:15:32,220 --> 00:15:29,079
throughout the world toward these kinds

324
00:15:35,310 --> 00:15:32,230
of fake diagnostic devices but nobody

325
00:15:38,610 --> 00:15:35,320
seems to want to do anything systematic

326
00:15:41,160 --> 00:15:38,620
and I've complained to the US Food and

327
00:15:45,900 --> 00:15:41,170
Drug Administration for 30 years about

328
00:15:48,120 --> 00:15:45,910
one particular type of device and they

329
00:15:50,340 --> 00:15:48,130
don't seem to care and I run the

330
00:15:52,560 --> 00:15:50,350
standard and it annoys me greatly

331
00:15:55,110 --> 00:15:52,570
because there are tens of thousands of

332
00:15:58,100 --> 00:15:55,120
these devices in use in the United

333
00:16:01,259 --> 00:15:58,110
States and probably at least that many

334
00:16:05,069 --> 00:16:01,269
throughout throughout the civilized

335
00:16:08,759 --> 00:16:05,079
world you know you put your hand on a on

336
00:16:11,449 --> 00:16:08,769
a these most of the devices are our

337
00:16:15,300 --> 00:16:11,459
electrical things like galvanometers and

338
00:16:18,000 --> 00:16:15,310
supposedly can take your pick up some

339
00:16:21,120 --> 00:16:18,010
kind of body energy

340
00:16:23,070 --> 00:16:21,130
translate that into problems throughout

341
00:16:26,250 --> 00:16:23,080
the body and what you ought to do about

342
00:16:29,540 --> 00:16:26,260
it just absolute complete craziness and

343
00:16:32,130 --> 00:16:29,550
and yet the machines are there

344
00:16:35,130 --> 00:16:32,140
occasionally the FDA actually allows

345
00:16:35,850 --> 00:16:35,140
them to be sold and the enforcement is

346
00:16:40,050 --> 00:16:35,860
very weak

347
00:16:42,660 --> 00:16:40,060
I hear you because here in Australia

348
00:16:44,550 --> 00:16:42,670
I've come across one myself in the

349
00:16:46,830 --> 00:16:44,560
Australian skeptics have seen this one

350
00:16:48,680 --> 00:16:46,840
it's called the Metatron I don't know if

351
00:16:53,130 --> 00:16:48,690
you've heard about the Metatron

352
00:16:56,220 --> 00:16:53,140
nonlinear scanning or L or n LS scanning

353
00:16:57,960 --> 00:16:56,230
it's a device which is a it's on a

354
00:17:02,880 --> 00:16:57,970
laptop computer you put on a pair of

355
00:17:05,880 --> 00:17:02,890
headphones and apparently this program

356
00:17:07,950 --> 00:17:05,890
will send waveforms through your body

357
00:17:09,990 --> 00:17:07,960
which will read your organs and display

358
00:17:12,420 --> 00:17:10,000
them on the screen and offer you health

359
00:17:18,530 --> 00:17:12,430
advice after that down to the level of

360
00:17:21,060 --> 00:17:18,540
DNA it's quite something well if you can

361
00:17:24,480 --> 00:17:21,070
get me an article I'll be happy to put

362
00:17:31,350 --> 00:17:24,490
it on my device watch website by the way

363
00:17:34,980 --> 00:17:31,360
i i i i run approximately 22 or 23 sites

364
00:17:37,020 --> 00:17:34,990
i like to have long indexes i like to

365
00:17:39,300 --> 00:17:37,030
have lists of people that people can

366
00:17:41,580 --> 00:17:39,310
look at that's why my home pages have so

367
00:17:43,830 --> 00:17:41,590
much so many different topics i like

368
00:17:46,500 --> 00:17:43,840
when people come i don't know if they

369
00:17:48,510 --> 00:17:46,510
know what to look for so i i want them

370
00:17:51,060 --> 00:17:48,520
to be able to look at a list so when I

371
00:17:54,660 --> 00:17:51,070
get lots of articles on a particular

372
00:17:57,150 --> 00:17:54,670
topic I start another website and I've

373
00:18:01,200 --> 00:17:57,160
been doing that I think I'm finished but

374
00:18:05,100 --> 00:18:01,210
I have I think it's 23 sites and many of

375
00:18:08,610 --> 00:18:05,110
them specialize in one kind of topic or

376
00:18:11,340 --> 00:18:08,620
another but if you can I can certainly

377
00:18:13,350 --> 00:18:11,350
mention that if you email me or if you

378
00:18:16,350 --> 00:18:13,360
haven't an article I can post I'll be

379
00:18:18,270 --> 00:18:16,360
very happy to to post it but stop and

380
00:18:23,160 --> 00:18:18,280
think for stop and think for a moment

381
00:18:26,790 --> 00:18:23,170
how can people believe that the the

382
00:18:29,100 --> 00:18:26,800
simplest line of logic would be if the

383
00:18:30,810 --> 00:18:29,110
device worked it would be making

384
00:18:31,770 --> 00:18:30,820
headlines everywhere and whoever

385
00:18:35,130 --> 00:18:31,780
invented it

386
00:18:37,710 --> 00:18:35,140
would get the Nobel Prize and it doesn't

387
00:18:40,049 --> 00:18:37,720
happen so reasoning backwards it doesn't

388
00:18:43,440 --> 00:18:40,059
work and that's a to me that's just

389
00:18:45,990 --> 00:18:43,450
simple logic well I can't help the

390
00:18:48,049 --> 00:18:46,000
degree but I would say to you when I've

391
00:18:50,850 --> 00:18:48,059
seen this in operation at various

392
00:18:54,799 --> 00:18:50,860
mind/body/spirit festivals and such like

393
00:18:57,090 --> 00:18:54,809
it looks science II and to the average

394
00:18:58,830 --> 00:18:57,100
person in the state who comes in and

395
00:19:00,840 --> 00:18:58,840
does not have a science or medical

396
00:19:02,250 --> 00:19:00,850
background and they're told it works

397
00:19:05,250 --> 00:19:02,260
they hooked after this thing and they

398
00:19:08,340 --> 00:19:05,260
can see their internal organs really

399
00:19:10,590 --> 00:19:08,350
they don't question it and they very

400
00:19:13,680 --> 00:19:10,600
happily hand over their money but thank

401
00:19:15,180 --> 00:19:13,690
you for the offer I shall certainly send

402
00:19:18,720 --> 00:19:15,190
you the information I have on this

403
00:19:21,090 --> 00:19:18,730
device and maybe it can end up on your

404
00:19:22,669 --> 00:19:21,100
website I certainly can link if nothing

405
00:19:25,500 --> 00:19:22,679
else yeah sure

406
00:19:27,260 --> 00:19:25,510
well Stephen what a what a pleasure it's

407
00:19:29,789 --> 00:19:27,270
been to chat with you again I've been

408
00:19:33,090 --> 00:19:29,799
promoting quack watch now for many years

409
00:19:37,289 --> 00:19:33,100
on the skeptics own podcast folks the

410
00:19:39,690 --> 00:19:37,299
website is quack watch.org I sincerely

411
00:19:41,870 --> 00:19:39,700
recommend it for seasoned skeptics or

412
00:19:44,039 --> 00:19:41,880
people who are new to skepticism any

413
00:19:46,740 --> 00:19:44,049
medical doctors out there this should be

414
00:19:48,990 --> 00:19:46,750
a regular thing for you to visit as well

415
00:19:51,630 --> 00:19:49,000
well Stephen Barrett all the way from

416
00:19:53,909 --> 00:19:51,640
beautiful North Carolina many many

417
00:19:56,220 --> 00:19:53,919
thanks for your time on the sceptic zone

418
00:19:58,710 --> 00:19:56,230
quite quite welcome by the way I should

419
00:20:02,010 --> 00:19:58,720
mention that I also have a free weekly

420
00:20:04,649 --> 00:20:02,020
newsletter which which some people may

421
00:20:07,289 --> 00:20:04,659
find interesting folks there's the clue

422
00:20:09,270 --> 00:20:07,299
head over to quack watchdog and sign up

423
00:20:11,530 --> 00:20:09,280
again Stephen thank you very much well

424
00:20:29,360 --> 00:20:11,540
thank you

425
00:20:29,370 --> 00:20:33,290
[Music]

426
00:20:40,120 --> 00:20:33,560
[Applause]

427
00:20:45,440 --> 00:20:44,840
hey Richard hi Trish hi would you like a

428
00:20:46,880 --> 00:20:45,450
coffee

429
00:20:49,190 --> 00:20:46,890
yeah thanks what are you working on I'm

430
00:20:51,470 --> 00:20:49,200
trying to come up with a new promo to

431
00:20:54,470 --> 00:20:51,480
play on the sceptic zone who's it for

432
00:20:57,200 --> 00:20:54,480
the good thinking Society in the UK you

433
00:20:58,970 --> 00:20:57,210
know the oh yeah I know them the guys

434
00:21:01,070 --> 00:20:58,980
who recently chased the homeopaths out

435
00:21:03,140 --> 00:21:01,080
of the UK public health system oh did

436
00:21:04,310 --> 00:21:03,150
they yeah they campaigned and lobbied

437
00:21:07,460 --> 00:21:04,320
government for a while and now you

438
00:21:08,810 --> 00:21:07,470
cannot get homeopathy on the NHS so they

439
00:21:11,030 --> 00:21:08,820
can now spend public money on health

440
00:21:14,090 --> 00:21:11,040
care that works right look I'll mention

441
00:21:18,320 --> 00:21:14,100
that in the promo now their website is

442
00:21:19,820 --> 00:21:18,330
good thinking Society org and that

443
00:21:22,520 --> 00:21:19,830
website is a good resource for learning

444
00:21:24,080 --> 00:21:22,530
more about quackery thanks Trish that

445
00:21:30,040 --> 00:21:24,090
gives me something good to think about

446
00:21:44,000 --> 00:21:40,570
[Music]

447
00:21:46,820 --> 00:21:44,010
and now we bring you part two of speed

448
00:21:49,190 --> 00:21:46,830
meat the scientists held at the

449
00:21:56,450 --> 00:21:49,200
Powerhouse Museum here in Sydney during

450
00:21:58,280 --> 00:21:56,460
science week 2018 I've come to the next

451
00:22:00,410 --> 00:21:58,290
table along here who do we have here

452
00:22:02,780 --> 00:22:00,420
hi my name is dr. Haley Green I'm from

453
00:22:04,750 --> 00:22:02,790
Western Sydney University my area of

454
00:22:07,940 --> 00:22:04,760
research is in forensic anthropology

455
00:22:11,570 --> 00:22:07,950
basically what we do is look at the body

456
00:22:14,240 --> 00:22:11,580
after death particularly skeletons or

457
00:22:17,690 --> 00:22:14,250
parts of skeletons that are discovered

458
00:22:20,120 --> 00:22:17,700
and we look at the clues in the bones -

459
00:22:22,900 --> 00:22:20,130
to create a profile to help investigate

460
00:22:25,340 --> 00:22:22,910
as a starting point so we can look at

461
00:22:26,720 --> 00:22:25,350
features that weren't determine sex of

462
00:22:28,730 --> 00:22:26,730
an individual - whether they're male or

463
00:22:30,980 --> 00:22:28,740
female roughly how old they were at the

464
00:22:32,690 --> 00:22:30,990
time of death and potentially ancestry

465
00:22:35,510 --> 00:22:32,700
so the ancestral background just from

466
00:22:38,840 --> 00:22:35,520
their skeletal remains so part of my

467
00:22:40,220 --> 00:22:38,850
research is looking at newly dead so

468
00:22:41,870 --> 00:22:40,230
bodies in various stages of

469
00:22:43,580 --> 00:22:41,880
decomposition to look at time since

470
00:22:45,530 --> 00:22:43,590
death analysis and then use the

471
00:22:47,060 --> 00:22:45,540
skeletonized remains for more of an

472
00:22:49,100 --> 00:22:47,070
identification or assisting with

473
00:22:52,070 --> 00:22:49,110
identification what a fascinating area

474
00:22:54,830 --> 00:22:52,080
and of course a great help to police

475
00:22:58,100 --> 00:22:54,840
amongst other things and for my very

476
00:23:01,370 --> 00:22:58,110
limited knowledge on this area I believe

477
00:23:03,560 --> 00:23:01,380
that things like insects are very

478
00:23:05,450 --> 00:23:03,570
important and you can judge things on

479
00:23:06,860 --> 00:23:05,460
the development of larvae and things

480
00:23:08,930 --> 00:23:06,870
like that yeah that's correct so that's

481
00:23:10,910 --> 00:23:08,940
called forensic entomology so we do have

482
00:23:12,860 --> 00:23:10,920
some very high profile entomologist in

483
00:23:15,890 --> 00:23:12,870
New South Wales in particular you're

484
00:23:17,450 --> 00:23:15,900
looking at the various larval stages and

485
00:23:19,340 --> 00:23:17,460
what they call succession so when the

486
00:23:22,220 --> 00:23:19,350
adults come and lay their eggs and how

487
00:23:25,040 --> 00:23:22,230
the the gonna be very graphic the

488
00:23:26,540 --> 00:23:25,050
maggots the larvae digest the remains

489
00:23:28,040 --> 00:23:26,550
and they can use those growth patterns

490
00:23:29,030 --> 00:23:28,050
to sort of determine how long the bodies

491
00:23:30,980 --> 00:23:29,040
have been there so that's really useful

492
00:23:34,100 --> 00:23:30,990
for the the first couple of weeks after

493
00:23:36,680 --> 00:23:34,110
death so that the looking at

494
00:23:39,920 --> 00:23:36,690
weeks to up to a month depending on the

495
00:23:41,750 --> 00:23:39,930
season for post-mortem interval and I

496
00:23:43,730 --> 00:23:41,760
suppose you you would then have the

497
00:23:45,950 --> 00:23:43,740
situation where there are very long dead

498
00:23:48,500 --> 00:23:45,960
remains yeah so what we call fully

499
00:23:50,990 --> 00:23:48,510
skeletonized so you're looking at dry

500
00:23:53,330 --> 00:23:51,000
remains no more soft tissue left on the

501
00:23:55,070 --> 00:23:53,340
bones they may be bleached or weathered

502
00:23:57,860 --> 00:23:55,080
because they've been exposed to the

503
00:24:01,250 --> 00:23:57,870
environment and so yeah they're the ones

504
00:24:05,780 --> 00:24:01,260
that I mainly focus on Wow it's just

505
00:24:09,590 --> 00:24:05,790
absolutely fascinating and some might

506
00:24:11,780 --> 00:24:09,600
say it's not a pleasant area but it's a

507
00:24:15,140 --> 00:24:11,790
necessary one I think so but I'm

508
00:24:18,140 --> 00:24:15,150
probably one of the few that I enjoy

509
00:24:20,960 --> 00:24:18,150
that work I find it not pleasant but

510
00:24:22,850 --> 00:24:20,970
rewarding water yeah yeah like I'm doing

511
00:24:25,670 --> 00:24:22,860
something useful well that's that's

512
00:24:27,800 --> 00:24:25,680
absolutely fascinating and we can find

513
00:24:32,930 --> 00:24:27,810
out more about what you do online yes so

514
00:24:34,970 --> 00:24:32,940
I have Twitter accounts and you can just

515
00:24:36,440 --> 00:24:34,980
google my name dr. Haley green Western

516
00:24:39,170 --> 00:24:36,450
Sydney University they have a staff

517
00:24:41,300 --> 00:24:39,180
profile with research interests on that

518
00:24:44,529 --> 00:24:41,310
profile as well fantastic thank you very

519
00:24:48,609 --> 00:24:46,509
and the evening is going on here folks

520
00:24:49,869 --> 00:24:48,619
are more and more people drifting in to

521
00:24:51,609 --> 00:24:49,879
meet all the scientists here and I've

522
00:24:53,919 --> 00:24:51,619
come to another table hello who do we

523
00:24:56,109 --> 00:24:53,929
have here dr. Catherine Doran from

524
00:24:58,959 --> 00:24:56,119
Macquarie University and what's your

525
00:25:00,879 --> 00:24:58,969
area I work mainly in marine systems and

526
00:25:03,519 --> 00:25:00,889
I'm an ecologist ecotoxicology

527
00:25:06,669 --> 00:25:03,529
looking at human impacts in marine

528
00:25:09,549 --> 00:25:06,679
environment well I guess around Sydney

529
00:25:12,489 --> 00:25:09,559
that would be a big area of research are

530
00:25:13,599 --> 00:25:12,499
you focus on the Sydney area or more

531
00:25:15,039 --> 00:25:13,609
widely than that

532
00:25:16,659 --> 00:25:15,049
I've worked a lot in the Sydney region

533
00:25:19,479 --> 00:25:16,669
but also up and down the New South Wales

534
00:25:21,459 --> 00:25:19,489
Coast but certainly wherever there's an

535
00:25:24,519 --> 00:25:21,469
urban settlement you get the Associated

536
00:25:26,019 --> 00:25:24,529
impacts of human activities yeah well up

537
00:25:27,849 --> 00:25:26,029
and down the New South Wales coast do

538
00:25:29,319 --> 00:25:27,859
you mean yeah there's several large

539
00:25:31,269 --> 00:25:29,329
cities that I've worked around the

540
00:25:33,309 --> 00:25:31,279
harbours in so yeah places like

541
00:25:34,629 --> 00:25:33,319
Newcastle and Port Kembla the kinds of

542
00:25:37,149 --> 00:25:34,639
impacts I'm looking at a stormwater

543
00:25:38,589 --> 00:25:37,159
runoff and invasive species the kinds of

544
00:25:40,119 --> 00:25:38,599
things that arrive on boats and you just

545
00:25:40,719 --> 00:25:40,129
don't get as much of that in the smaller

546
00:25:42,579 --> 00:25:40,729
hubs

547
00:25:44,789 --> 00:25:42,589
I know fair enough now I can totally

548
00:25:47,739 --> 00:25:44,799
understand so things do arrive on boats

549
00:25:50,369 --> 00:25:47,749
unwelcome things absolutely we have a

550
00:25:52,269 --> 00:25:50,379
number of hitchhikers coming in on

551
00:25:54,339 --> 00:25:52,279
commercial ships cruise ships

552
00:25:57,279 --> 00:25:54,349
recreational yachts and they're getting

553
00:25:59,019 --> 00:25:57,289
transported all around the world so what

554
00:26:00,699 --> 00:25:59,029
are these hitchhikers are they mainly I

555
00:26:02,469 --> 00:26:00,709
mean the first thing that springs to my

556
00:26:04,329 --> 00:26:02,479
mind would be rats but there must be

557
00:26:06,009 --> 00:26:04,339
more than that it's mainly things that

558
00:26:08,529 --> 00:26:06,019
are living on the outside of the boat so

559
00:26:10,209 --> 00:26:08,539
a lot of different kinds of seaweeds we

560
00:26:13,449 --> 00:26:10,219
have invasive oysters getting shipped

561
00:26:15,430 --> 00:26:13,459
around mussels crabs all the little kind

562
00:26:17,829 --> 00:26:15,440
of invertebrate critters so these things

563
00:26:19,569 --> 00:26:17,839
attach themselves to vessels somewhere

564
00:26:22,149 --> 00:26:19,579
in the world the vessels make their way

565
00:26:25,049 --> 00:26:22,159
to Sydney Harbor Park dock I should say

566
00:26:27,459 --> 00:26:25,059
and these things can be transplanted

567
00:26:28,959 --> 00:26:27,469
exactly so sometimes the conditions

568
00:26:31,930 --> 00:26:28,969
won't be right for them maybe it's too

569
00:26:33,939 --> 00:26:31,940
hot too cold too salty but sometimes it

570
00:26:35,589 --> 00:26:33,949
will be and then they can make the jump

571
00:26:38,859 --> 00:26:35,599
from the ship on to some of our boating

572
00:26:40,659 --> 00:26:38,869
infrastructure I guess in the modern

573
00:26:43,029 --> 00:26:40,669
world that's that's a big problem but in

574
00:26:45,819 --> 00:26:43,039
times past occasionally things would

575
00:26:46,880 --> 00:26:45,829
float into harbors and other countries

576
00:26:51,230 --> 00:26:46,890
on

577
00:26:53,540 --> 00:26:51,240
the past we would have had a lot of

578
00:26:56,090 --> 00:26:53,550
species moving around but just not as

579
00:26:58,550 --> 00:26:56,100
far with the ships we can travel a lot

580
00:27:01,970 --> 00:26:58,560
further across the oceans so so can the

581
00:27:03,770 --> 00:27:01,980
hitchhikers little crustaceans

582
00:27:06,410 --> 00:27:03,780
hitchhiking their way around and what

583
00:27:08,390 --> 00:27:06,420
are the some of the more pressing

584
00:27:10,610 --> 00:27:08,400
problems that these things cause we

585
00:27:12,590 --> 00:27:10,620
haven't actually got many terrible

586
00:27:15,320 --> 00:27:12,600
invaders in Sydney but certainly down in

587
00:27:17,840 --> 00:27:15,330
Melbourne it's quite heavily invaded

588
00:27:20,180 --> 00:27:17,850
Port Phillip Bay and they have some fan

589
00:27:21,740 --> 00:27:20,190
worms really beautiful but they tend to

590
00:27:24,800 --> 00:27:21,750
smother some of the native things that

591
00:27:28,070 --> 00:27:24,810
would grow across the sandy bottoms and

592
00:27:29,480 --> 00:27:28,080
up the pilings and rocky reefs and where

593
00:27:32,090 --> 00:27:29,490
have they've traveled from these worms

594
00:27:34,810 --> 00:27:32,100
most of them tend to come from places in

595
00:27:37,130 --> 00:27:34,820
Asia places with similar kinds of marine

596
00:27:39,200 --> 00:27:37,140
environmental systems to us so it's a

597
00:27:41,000 --> 00:27:39,210
similar kind of temperature now you are

598
00:27:43,040 --> 00:27:41,010
folks there's something to look out for

599
00:27:45,500 --> 00:27:43,050
next time you're in a Harbor in a big

600
00:27:48,670 --> 00:27:45,510
city watch out for those hitchhikers and

601
00:27:51,500 --> 00:27:48,680
can we find what you do online anywhere

602
00:27:52,670 --> 00:27:51,510
certainly on the Macquarie website and I

603
00:27:55,670 --> 00:27:52,680
have a personal website as well

604
00:27:57,080 --> 00:27:55,680
Katherine Darwin calm well all the best

605
00:28:00,040 --> 00:27:57,090
and I hope you don't come across too

606
00:28:02,660 --> 00:28:00,050
many key Tigers thank you very much

607
00:28:06,590 --> 00:28:02,670
there's so many people here now folks

608
00:28:08,480 --> 00:28:06,600
all the tables are engaged and you've

609
00:28:10,490 --> 00:28:08,490
come along and you hope to meet a

610
00:28:12,680 --> 00:28:10,500
scientist you hope to meet a scientist

611
00:28:14,720 --> 00:28:12,690
yes I'm very excited to talk to some of

612
00:28:17,060 --> 00:28:14,730
the neuro scientists or even some of the

613
00:28:18,290 --> 00:28:17,070
marine biologists and yeah everyone

614
00:28:21,710 --> 00:28:18,300
looks like they're having a really good

615
00:28:27,590 --> 00:28:21,720
time so it's a good sign because every

616
00:28:33,050 --> 00:28:27,600
table is now full an astronomer has

617
00:28:34,730 --> 00:28:33,060
presented himself good luck this room is

618
00:28:37,340 --> 00:28:34,740
never-ending with scientists folks I'm

619
00:28:38,810 --> 00:28:37,350
found myself at another table I've been

620
00:28:43,040 --> 00:28:38,820
drawn to this table because there's a

621
00:28:45,590 --> 00:28:43,050
sign saying the hidden world in your gut

622
00:28:47,240 --> 00:28:45,600
and this young lady is going to tell me

623
00:28:50,050 --> 00:28:47,250
about the hidden world in my gut who do

624
00:28:55,070 --> 00:28:50,060
we have here hi my name is Alison and

625
00:28:57,290 --> 00:28:55,080
tell me about my gut alright so when you

626
00:28:59,420 --> 00:28:57,300
first think of micros was the first

627
00:29:02,060 --> 00:28:59,430
thing that comes into your mind Oh

628
00:29:03,800 --> 00:29:02,070
test tubes all microbes oh good question

629
00:29:05,450 --> 00:29:03,810
I I don't know what the first thing that

630
00:29:07,730 --> 00:29:05,460
comes into mind mark what should be

631
00:29:09,350 --> 00:29:07,740
alright so yeah your answer is actually

632
00:29:09,500 --> 00:29:09,360
pretty good because I was expecting you

633
00:29:15,740 --> 00:29:09,510
know

634
00:29:17,390 --> 00:29:15,750
sanitizing everything so then actually

635
00:29:20,630 --> 00:29:17,400
wants to bring Kieffer away from that

636
00:29:22,760 --> 00:29:20,640
because the majority of microbes in this

637
00:29:25,010 --> 00:29:22,770
world are actually not bad for you so

638
00:29:26,510 --> 00:29:25,020
then they don't cause disease and then

639
00:29:28,220 --> 00:29:26,520
so if you think of all the different

640
00:29:31,070 --> 00:29:28,230
microbes they live in the water they

641
00:29:34,460 --> 00:29:31,080
live in the soil they live in the air

642
00:29:36,530 --> 00:29:34,470
even and they even live on you so on

643
00:29:39,170 --> 00:29:36,540
your body and inside your body there are

644
00:29:40,220 --> 00:29:39,180
actually tons of microbes and if you

645
00:29:42,530 --> 00:29:40,230
were to take that and we just have a

646
00:29:46,220 --> 00:29:42,540
look here at your little presentation oh

647
00:29:49,040 --> 00:29:46,230
it says we are part microbes all of us

648
00:29:52,310 --> 00:29:49,050
yes yes oh I have some a few fun facts

649
00:29:55,610 --> 00:29:52,320
okay all right so did you know you were

650
00:29:57,260 --> 00:29:55,620
actually only about 50% human how many

651
00:30:02,300 --> 00:29:57,270
people have told me that many people

652
00:30:04,070 --> 00:30:02,310
said that to me so one of the reasons

653
00:30:06,170 --> 00:30:04,080
actually because you have a lot of

654
00:30:07,760 --> 00:30:06,180
microbes are you particularly inside

655
00:30:09,230 --> 00:30:07,770
your mouth and inside your guts

656
00:30:10,970 --> 00:30:09,240
there are lots and lots of microbes and

657
00:30:12,890 --> 00:30:10,980
then they're actually really good for

658
00:30:15,110 --> 00:30:12,900
you so they do a lot of beneficial

659
00:30:16,790 --> 00:30:15,120
things are you like producing vitamins

660
00:30:18,290 --> 00:30:16,800
they help you digest your food and

661
00:30:20,230 --> 00:30:18,300
without your microbes you will be really

662
00:30:22,790 --> 00:30:20,240
sick and you probably cannot survive

663
00:30:24,049 --> 00:30:22,800
really I mean they are necessary for

664
00:30:27,110 --> 00:30:24,059
life aren't they that's the bottom line

665
00:30:29,210 --> 00:30:27,120
yes definitely and so if you're only

666
00:30:31,430 --> 00:30:29,220
thinking about the self how many

667
00:30:33,680 --> 00:30:31,440
microbial cells - human cells even in

668
00:30:35,990 --> 00:30:33,690
your body that's about half half but if

669
00:30:38,620 --> 00:30:36,000
you think about the DNA so that's the

670
00:30:45,950 --> 00:30:38,630
genetic code of life you are actually

671
00:30:48,919 --> 00:30:45,960
less than 1% human Oh what tell me more

672
00:30:50,990 --> 00:30:48,929
all right so because if it so basically

673
00:30:52,910 --> 00:30:51,000
we took all the DNA within all your

674
00:30:54,740 --> 00:30:52,920
human cells and then you took all the

675
00:30:58,580 --> 00:30:54,750
DNA within your microbial cells you have

676
00:31:01,580 --> 00:30:58,590
a lot small microbial DNA then you have

677
00:31:03,410 --> 00:31:01,590
human DNA so if you think about it maybe

678
00:31:06,350 --> 00:31:03,420
you're actually being controlled by your

679
00:31:08,240 --> 00:31:06,360
microbes and you're just a bag that's

680
00:31:09,919 --> 00:31:08,250
carrying your microbes around especially

681
00:31:12,260 --> 00:31:09,929
at dinner time I think my microbes

682
00:31:14,540 --> 00:31:12,270
control me like tell me it's time to eat

683
00:31:16,850 --> 00:31:14,550
I think wow I had no idea that's

684
00:31:18,110 --> 00:31:16,860
absolutely fascinating and this is one

685
00:31:20,480 --> 00:31:18,120
of the reasons I love coming to these

686
00:31:22,580 --> 00:31:20,490
meet a scientist night you never know

687
00:31:24,950 --> 00:31:22,590
what you're going to find out and what

688
00:31:28,460 --> 00:31:24,960
in your research what's something that

689
00:31:30,740 --> 00:31:28,470
is really surprised you okay so in my

690
00:31:33,410 --> 00:31:30,750
research I look at how the diet affects

691
00:31:35,840 --> 00:31:33,420
our microbes and then how we can use

692
00:31:38,060 --> 00:31:35,850
diets to try and make you know make

693
00:31:40,310 --> 00:31:38,070
ourselves healthier so one of my

694
00:31:43,370 --> 00:31:40,320
favorite parts and actually one of my

695
00:31:45,110 --> 00:31:43,380
questions here was how to turn poo into

696
00:31:48,080 --> 00:31:45,120
abstract art all right so that's

697
00:31:51,080 --> 00:31:48,090
actually better than it sounds so one of

698
00:31:53,660 --> 00:31:51,090
the fun parts of my research is I get to

699
00:31:56,060 --> 00:31:53,670
play with a lot of feces so I gave you

700
00:31:57,830 --> 00:31:56,070
samples from different people and then

701
00:32:00,770 --> 00:31:57,840
what we do is actually we want to look

702
00:32:02,990 --> 00:32:00,780
at the microbes inside and we extract

703
00:32:04,669 --> 00:32:03,000
DNA from it and then afterwards we for

704
00:32:07,160 --> 00:32:04,679
example want to look at how the microbes

705
00:32:12,140 --> 00:32:07,170
change over time you guys can't see this

706
00:32:14,270 --> 00:32:12,150
but then another yes we're looking

707
00:32:17,150 --> 00:32:14,280
another interesting chart here of what

708
00:32:19,460 --> 00:32:17,160
might be in your feces right so then

709
00:32:21,769 --> 00:32:19,470
basically what you can get from your

710
00:32:23,450 --> 00:32:21,779
fecal sample is a chart that is

711
00:32:25,549 --> 00:32:23,460
very colorful and it shows how different

712
00:32:27,139 --> 00:32:25,559
groups of microbes change over time so

713
00:32:28,999 --> 00:32:27,149
your microbes in your gut will be

714
00:32:30,589 --> 00:32:29,009
affected by your lifestyle they'll be

715
00:32:32,709 --> 00:32:30,599
affected by what you eat

716
00:32:35,109 --> 00:32:32,719
whether you do exercise or not or

717
00:32:36,889 --> 00:32:35,119
whether you eat antibiotics so

718
00:32:40,430 --> 00:32:36,899
everything you do in your life can

719
00:32:42,919 --> 00:32:40,440
change your microbes and then some for

720
00:32:44,839 --> 00:32:42,929
example if you eat broccoli one day and

721
00:32:47,570 --> 00:32:44,849
then some microbes really like that then

722
00:32:49,969 --> 00:32:47,580
they will increase in abundance again

723
00:32:52,729 --> 00:32:49,979
it's just one of the things about the

724
00:32:54,440 --> 00:32:52,739
speed meter scientist night.the the

725
00:32:55,579 --> 00:32:54,450
variety of what you learned and who you

726
00:32:57,499 --> 00:32:55,589
meet is just staggering

727
00:33:00,859 --> 00:32:57,509
well I don't know how to wish you luck

728
00:33:02,839 --> 00:33:00,869
with what you do it is very interesting

729
00:33:05,450 --> 00:33:02,849
work and I'm sure very necessary work I

730
00:33:06,589 --> 00:33:05,460
hope you have a great night here tonight

731
00:33:08,659 --> 00:33:06,599
and I hope lots of people come up to

732
00:33:12,619 --> 00:33:08,669
find out about their gut hey thank you

733
00:33:14,359 --> 00:33:12,629
very much hello excuse me could I have a

734
00:33:16,339 --> 00:33:14,369
quick chat to you I've noticed you're

735
00:33:17,810 --> 00:33:16,349
just having a speed meet with a

736
00:33:19,219 --> 00:33:17,820
scientist how did that go

737
00:33:21,320 --> 00:33:19,229
I said speed meets through four

738
00:33:23,629 --> 00:33:21,330
different scientists for you have been

739
00:33:25,759 --> 00:33:23,639
busy I've been very busy it's been a

740
00:33:27,829 --> 00:33:25,769
great interesting night I just wanted to

741
00:33:30,109 --> 00:33:27,839
branch out into other scientific fields

742
00:33:31,700 --> 00:33:30,119
I mean sure I talked to a couple of

743
00:33:33,649 --> 00:33:31,710
neuroscientists because that's the Aero

744
00:33:35,959 --> 00:33:33,659
science I actually work in but out

745
00:33:38,869 --> 00:33:35,969
talking to a biologist about DNA

746
00:33:41,749 --> 00:33:38,879
barcoding and termite breeding program

747
00:33:44,989 --> 00:33:41,759
that's been quite interesting as well as

748
00:33:47,299 --> 00:33:44,999
speaking to a marine biologist in

749
00:33:50,509 --> 00:33:47,309
relation to our cruise ships coming in

750
00:33:53,539 --> 00:33:50,519
to sydney harbour and the algae and ship

751
00:33:56,089 --> 00:33:53,549
worms all that that come in and yeah

752
00:33:58,209 --> 00:33:56,099
affect our Sydney Harbor to some degree

753
00:34:02,989 --> 00:33:58,219
and she's now working on a project that

754
00:34:05,539 --> 00:34:02,999
is keeping Sydney Harbor clean and by

755
00:34:07,549 --> 00:34:05,549
having rock oysters in there and then

756
00:34:09,980 --> 00:34:07,559
also finding a home for them once

757
00:34:11,839 --> 00:34:09,990
they've done their job this night is not

758
00:34:14,240 --> 00:34:11,849
just for the public which is great that

759
00:34:16,970 --> 00:34:14,250
the public hear but for other scientists

760
00:34:19,129 --> 00:34:16,980
such as yourself to come along and speed

761
00:34:21,619 --> 00:34:19,139
meet other scientists that's a wonderful

762
00:34:24,319 --> 00:34:21,629
opportunity yes yes definitely so and

763
00:34:26,720 --> 00:34:24,329
I'm also doing a bit of computer science

764
00:34:29,089 --> 00:34:26,730
at the moment - learning to code program

765
00:34:30,829 --> 00:34:29,099
computers so why don't I mean if you've

766
00:34:32,119 --> 00:34:30,839
got their scientific mind it's it's

767
00:34:34,530 --> 00:34:32,129
great to chat to have a scientist

768
00:34:36,390 --> 00:34:34,540
because it just you just know what

769
00:34:38,100 --> 00:34:36,400
out there really because if you're

770
00:34:39,570 --> 00:34:38,110
focused on your specialty you don't know

771
00:34:41,520 --> 00:34:39,580
what other specialties are up to because

772
00:34:43,710 --> 00:34:41,530
science is so complex you've got so many

773
00:34:47,070 --> 00:34:43,720
different areas of science biology

774
00:34:49,350 --> 00:34:47,080
chemistry physics neuroscience Anatomy

775
00:34:53,610 --> 00:34:49,360
astronomy astrology the list goes on

776
00:34:55,020 --> 00:34:53,620
right certainly doesn't and again I'm so

777
00:34:56,790 --> 00:34:55,030
pleased you've come along here tonight

778
00:34:58,080 --> 00:34:56,800
to take advantage of this opportunity

779
00:35:00,210 --> 00:34:58,090
yeah I'm just grateful that the

780
00:35:03,510 --> 00:35:00,220
powerhouse museum or I should say now at

781
00:35:06,870 --> 00:35:03,520
the Museum of Arts and Sciences has

782
00:35:08,460 --> 00:35:06,880
enabled this to happen just to something

783
00:35:12,480 --> 00:35:08,470
new that gets you out of the everyday

784
00:35:14,790 --> 00:35:12,490
routine and it's yes it's quite reviving

785
00:35:16,290 --> 00:35:14,800
actually I absolutely agree and I

786
00:35:18,480 --> 00:35:16,300
suppose now you're off to meet a few

787
00:35:21,480 --> 00:35:18,490
more yeah a few more and I was just keep

788
00:35:23,790 --> 00:35:21,490
browsing this science festival first I

789
00:35:29,670 --> 00:35:23,800
mean science at the moment thank you

790
00:35:32,160 --> 00:35:29,680
very much good night thanks that was

791
00:35:34,980 --> 00:35:32,170
part two of speed and meet the

792
00:35:38,180 --> 00:35:34,990
scientists join us next week for the

793
00:35:53,600 --> 00:35:38,190
final part part three

794
00:36:00,400 --> 00:35:58,180
[Music]

795
00:36:01,779 --> 00:36:00,410
hi I'm sue Blackmore I am a visiting

796
00:36:04,000 --> 00:36:01,789
professor in psychology at the

797
00:36:05,740 --> 00:36:04,010
University of Plymouth in England and

798
00:36:09,250 --> 00:36:05,750
I'm really looking forward to coming to

799
00:36:11,740 --> 00:36:09,260
skeptic on 2018 in October I'll be

800
00:36:13,150 --> 00:36:11,750
talking about my new book seeing myself

801
00:36:15,880 --> 00:36:13,160
the new science of out-of-body

802
00:36:17,740 --> 00:36:15,890
experiences this is really what the

803
00:36:19,750 --> 00:36:17,750
reason that I ever got drawn into

804
00:36:21,880 --> 00:36:19,760
skepticism in the first place because I

805
00:36:23,410 --> 00:36:21,890
had this incredible experience that I

806
00:36:24,819 --> 00:36:23,420
couldn't understand it so I was

807
00:36:28,299 --> 00:36:24,829
determined to become a parapsychologist

808
00:36:30,670 --> 00:36:28,309
and I did my PhD in parapsychology did

809
00:36:34,299 --> 00:36:30,680
loads of experiments on espn2 left me

810
00:36:37,170 --> 00:36:34,309
all these kinds of things and well then

811
00:36:39,180 --> 00:36:37,180
the evidence made me change my mind

812
00:36:41,010 --> 00:36:39,190
joints psych up and got involved in all

813
00:36:44,520 --> 00:36:41,020
the skeptical routes of those days but

814
00:36:46,020 --> 00:36:44,530
for a couple of decades so things were

815
00:36:47,700 --> 00:36:46,030
very different in those days and I'm

816
00:36:49,620 --> 00:36:47,710
looking forward very much indeed to

817
00:36:51,180 --> 00:36:49,630
finding out a bit more about modern

818
00:36:54,390 --> 00:36:51,190
skepticism on the other side of the

819
00:36:56,790 --> 00:36:54,400
world and I hope that you will enjoy

820
00:36:57,780 --> 00:36:56,800
hearing the new science of out-of-body

821
00:37:00,540 --> 00:36:57,790
experiences

822
00:37:02,550 --> 00:37:00,550
it's the neurosciences factors and we

823
00:37:05,160 --> 00:37:02,560
can now understand just why and how it

824
00:37:06,360 --> 00:37:05,170
is that so many people are convinced

825
00:37:09,900 --> 00:37:06,370
that they've gone out - out of their

826
00:37:11,460 --> 00:37:09,910
body when they're really still inside in

827
00:37:13,110 --> 00:37:11,470
a minute they're not really inside are

828
00:37:15,480 --> 00:37:13,120
they I mean there's not the soul or a

829
00:37:18,150 --> 00:37:15,490
spirit or even really conscious self in

830
00:37:19,620 --> 00:37:18,160
that room well that's some of the very

831
00:37:21,900 --> 00:37:19,630
interesting things I hope we'll all be

832
00:37:23,060 --> 00:37:21,910
discussing in October I hope to see you

833
00:37:24,800 --> 00:37:23,070
back

834
00:37:27,600 --> 00:37:24,810
[Music]

835
00:37:29,430 --> 00:37:27,610
meet Professor Susan Blackmore at this

836
00:37:31,920 --> 00:37:29,440
year's skeptic on the Australian

837
00:37:34,110 --> 00:37:31,930
skeptics and National Convention October

838
00:37:38,040 --> 00:37:34,120
the 13th and the 14th the concourse

839
00:37:41,100 --> 00:37:38,050
Chatswood tickets at convention skeptics

840
00:37:52,430 --> 00:37:41,110
dot-com today you

841
00:37:58,140 --> 00:37:55,230
skeptics award for critical thinking in

842
00:38:00,030 --> 00:37:58,150
journalism nominations open and this

843
00:38:03,270 --> 00:38:00,040
comes to us from the Australian skeptics

844
00:38:05,520 --> 00:38:03,280
website skeptics comdata you written by

845
00:38:07,590 --> 00:38:05,530
Tim Mendham published on May 20th of

846
00:38:10,019 --> 00:38:07,600
August 2018

847
00:38:13,089 --> 00:38:10,029
[Music]

848
00:38:16,359 --> 00:38:13,099
Australian skeptics Inc is adding to its

849
00:38:19,289 --> 00:38:16,369
portfolio of annual awards with one for

850
00:38:22,329 --> 00:38:19,299
the best piece of skeptical journalism

851
00:38:24,579 --> 00:38:22,339
the award is named after the late Barry

852
00:38:27,519 --> 00:38:24,589
Williams past president and executive

853
00:38:30,370 --> 00:38:27,529
officer of Australian skeptics Inc who

854
00:38:33,039 --> 00:38:30,380
was a regular on Australian media the

855
00:38:35,589 --> 00:38:33,049
Barry Williams award for skeptical

856
00:38:39,099 --> 00:38:35,599
journalism will recognise the best piece

857
00:38:41,109 --> 00:38:39,109
of journalism in any medium that takes a

858
00:38:43,690 --> 00:38:41,119
critical and skeptical approach to a

859
00:38:46,089 --> 00:38:43,700
topic that falls within our remit which

860
00:38:48,719 --> 00:38:46,099
is the scientific investigation of

861
00:38:53,079 --> 00:38:48,729
pseudoscience and the paranormal the

862
00:38:56,109 --> 00:38:53,089
award is nicknamed the wallaby in memory

863
00:38:58,269 --> 00:38:56,119
of Sir Jim our wallaby the regular ngon

864
00:39:01,299 --> 00:38:58,279
de plume Barrie used from his more

865
00:39:04,349 --> 00:39:01,309
whimsical editorial pieces it will be

866
00:39:07,739 --> 00:39:04,359
awarded annually with the citation and

867
00:39:10,120 --> 00:39:07,749
$2,000 prize a panel made up out of

868
00:39:12,460 --> 00:39:10,130
experienced journalists across differing

869
00:39:15,069 --> 00:39:12,470
media has been put together to review

870
00:39:16,749 --> 00:39:15,079
entries Tim Mendham executive officer of

871
00:39:19,239 --> 00:39:16,759
Australian skeptics Inc and editor of

872
00:39:21,009 --> 00:39:19,249
the skeptics said quote we have given a

873
00:39:23,469 --> 00:39:21,019
similar award a few times in the past

874
00:39:26,589 --> 00:39:23,479
though the most recent was way back in

875
00:39:29,620 --> 00:39:26,599
2010 we're now calling for nominations

876
00:39:31,779 --> 00:39:29,630
for the wallaby from skeptics the public

877
00:39:33,789 --> 00:39:31,789
and the media journalists can nominate

878
00:39:37,180 --> 00:39:33,799
their own work it would normally be

879
00:39:40,299 --> 00:39:37,190
given for one piece or a series used in

880
00:39:42,329 --> 00:39:40,309
print TV radio or online produced in

881
00:39:46,209 --> 00:39:42,339
Australia and published or broadcast

882
00:39:48,569 --> 00:39:46,219
during 2018 in quote nominations should

883
00:39:52,630 --> 00:39:48,579
be sent to the editor of the skeptic at

884
00:39:54,849 --> 00:39:52,640
editor at skeptics comm today you or

885
00:39:57,789 --> 00:39:54,859
send hard copies to the Australian

886
00:40:01,599 --> 00:39:57,799
skeptics p.m. box 20 Beecroft New South

887
00:40:03,219 --> 00:40:01,609
Wales to one-one-nine and I will link to

888
00:40:06,309 --> 00:40:03,229
this page in the show notes if you want

889
00:40:10,089 --> 00:40:06,319
to have a closer look at those addresses

890
00:40:12,609 --> 00:40:10,099
Tim said that the key issue would be the

891
00:40:15,519 --> 00:40:12,619
nature of a quote skeptical in quote

892
00:40:18,430 --> 00:40:15,529
piece of journalism quote should it take

893
00:40:20,979 --> 00:40:18,440
a debunking stance or a more general

894
00:40:22,660 --> 00:40:20,989
critical thinking approach personally I

895
00:40:24,820 --> 00:40:22,670
would prefer the second the B

896
00:40:27,610 --> 00:40:24,830
take the critical investigation approach

897
00:40:29,800 --> 00:40:27,620
to the topic though I must admit my have

898
00:40:34,150 --> 00:40:29,810
concerns if a piece came down in favor

899
00:40:35,680 --> 00:40:34,160
of the outer fringes of Wu my view is

900
00:40:38,530 --> 00:40:35,690
that we should certainly not be

901
00:40:41,740 --> 00:40:38,540
rewarding a puff piece for either side

902
00:40:44,140 --> 00:40:41,750
of the argument serious journalism only

903
00:40:46,060 --> 00:40:44,150
need apply in quote the Wallaby will

904
00:40:48,820 --> 00:40:46,070
compliment the skeptics other Awards

905
00:40:51,430 --> 00:40:48,830
which include the bent spoon award which

906
00:40:53,740 --> 00:40:51,440
goes to the most preposterous piece of

907
00:40:56,380 --> 00:40:53,750
paranormal pseudo-scientific piffle as

908
00:40:58,780 --> 00:40:56,390
well as the more positive skeptic of the

909
00:41:00,760 --> 00:40:58,790
Year award and the Thor net award for

910
00:41:02,590 --> 00:41:00,770
the promotion of reason the latter goes

911
00:41:04,540 --> 00:41:02,600
to a member of the public who may not

912
00:41:07,000 --> 00:41:04,550
have anything to do with the skeptical

913
00:41:10,210 --> 00:41:07,010
movement the prize amount for the Thor

914
00:41:12,580 --> 00:41:10,220
net award previously set at $1000 will

915
00:41:14,950 --> 00:41:12,590
be raised to $2,000 in line with the

916
00:41:16,990 --> 00:41:14,960
media prize the recipients of these

917
00:41:18,760 --> 00:41:17,000
awards are traditionally announced at

918
00:41:21,160 --> 00:41:18,770
the gala dinner and our annual

919
00:41:25,480 --> 00:41:21,170
convention which this year will be held

920
00:41:27,730 --> 00:41:25,490
on October the 13th so there you are

921
00:41:29,620 --> 00:41:27,740
there's the clue in the hint any

922
00:41:32,560 --> 00:41:29,630
journalists out there if you know any

923
00:41:36,490 --> 00:41:32,570
journalists there is a prize in the

924
00:41:39,490 --> 00:41:36,500
offing $2,000 details and skeptics calm

925
00:41:45,570 --> 00:41:39,500
delay you or just click the links in

926
00:41:53,860 --> 00:41:51,150
[Music]

927
00:41:55,780 --> 00:41:53,870
hi I'm Darrin McKee one of the hosts of

928
00:41:57,520 --> 00:41:55,790
the reality check each week my co-host

929
00:41:59,110 --> 00:41:57,530
and I explore a range of controversies

930
00:42:00,610 --> 00:41:59,120
and curiosities using science and

931
00:42:02,500 --> 00:42:00,620
critical thinking you can find us on

932
00:42:04,090 --> 00:42:02,510
iTunes your favorite podcasting platform

933
00:42:05,680 --> 00:42:04,100
and on Facebook by searching for the

934
00:42:08,170 --> 00:42:05,690
reality check or by following us on

935
00:42:09,850 --> 00:42:08,180
Twitter at TRC underscore podcast until

936
00:42:18,160 --> 00:42:09,860
then keep an open mind but not so open

937
00:42:22,850 --> 00:42:18,170
your brain falls out his may not spooky

938
00:42:27,200 --> 00:42:22,860
action at the distance

939
00:42:28,970 --> 00:42:27,210
I know you know me people I like to seek

940
00:42:30,950 --> 00:42:28,980
out those reptiles and of course

941
00:42:32,600 --> 00:42:30,960
reptiles around this time you really

942
00:42:35,510 --> 00:42:32,610
like their handlers who we got here

943
00:42:36,920 --> 00:42:35,520
again Anthony and this is Johanna great

944
00:42:39,620 --> 00:42:36,930
to talk to Joanne is that Johanna the

945
00:42:41,930 --> 00:42:39,630
goanna it might be which is a great name

946
00:42:43,850 --> 00:42:41,940
and good at original names now and of

947
00:42:45,050 --> 00:42:43,860
course as I was mentioning around this

948
00:42:46,880 --> 00:42:45,060
time of year you're a very popular

949
00:42:49,520 --> 00:42:46,890
handler because you're the warmest thing

950
00:42:51,620 --> 00:42:49,530
around are you that's precisely why it

951
00:42:53,660 --> 00:42:51,630
loves me so would you be hotter than a

952
00:42:55,940 --> 00:42:53,670
rock that she'd like to normally sit on

953
00:42:58,310 --> 00:42:55,950
this human body temperature nice for

954
00:43:00,530 --> 00:42:58,320
them at bat right and also I remember

955
00:43:02,720 --> 00:43:00,540
you told me once about how to tell when

956
00:43:04,550 --> 00:43:02,730
a reptile is nervous or not happy so

957
00:43:06,200 --> 00:43:04,560
she's just sort of sitting there making

958
00:43:07,790 --> 00:43:06,210
little flailing movements with the front

959
00:43:09,350 --> 00:43:07,800
legs is that a comfy thing or not yeah

960
00:43:11,660 --> 00:43:09,360
it's just yet trying to grant get hold

961
00:43:13,430 --> 00:43:11,670
just once if wants to feel secure so

962
00:43:16,040 --> 00:43:13,440
it's getting its claws into its best

963
00:43:17,510 --> 00:43:16,050
comfortable spot yeah now round about

964
00:43:21,020 --> 00:43:17,520
this time of year in Australia would

965
00:43:22,790 --> 00:43:21,030
would they be about to have a few eggs

966
00:43:24,740 --> 00:43:22,800
or carrying any egg to the module when's

967
00:43:27,140 --> 00:43:24,750
their breeding a tennis when's it happen

968
00:43:28,730 --> 00:43:27,150
here very soon the boys are when the

969
00:43:31,010 --> 00:43:28,740
weather warms up a little bit more the

970
00:43:33,310 --> 00:43:31,020
boys will be out looking for girls and

971
00:43:35,200 --> 00:43:33,320
the girls will be looking for food

972
00:43:37,210 --> 00:43:35,210
and if they get enough food then they'll

973
00:43:38,890 --> 00:43:37,220
love you like all right and our boys

974
00:43:41,020 --> 00:43:38,900
will be really looking for them but

975
00:43:43,330 --> 00:43:41,030
we're pretty sure that there'd be a like

976
00:43:46,780 --> 00:43:43,340
a fertility pheromone going on

977
00:43:48,940 --> 00:43:46,790
yes and how done do the females choose

978
00:43:50,620 --> 00:43:48,950
the males or all the males just sort of

979
00:43:51,130 --> 00:43:50,630
very forceful has it work in the goanna

980
00:43:54,100 --> 00:43:51,140
world

981
00:43:56,110 --> 00:43:54,110
well the male's will choose any female

982
00:43:58,210 --> 00:43:56,120
that it feels like the same isn't really

983
00:43:58,960 --> 00:43:58,220
a if but because the males are much

984
00:44:01,180 --> 00:43:58,970
bigger

985
00:44:04,060 --> 00:44:01,190
I'll assume and the male's will fight

986
00:44:07,120 --> 00:44:04,070
for their opportunity the biggest sand

987
00:44:09,070 --> 00:44:07,130
toughest miles might get the chance to

988
00:44:10,690 --> 00:44:09,080
make it looks like Joanna's giving you a

989
00:44:12,310 --> 00:44:10,700
bit of a kiss in the year there what's

990
00:44:14,680 --> 00:44:12,320
going on with the tongue it's just it's

991
00:44:16,630 --> 00:44:14,690
just smelling the air just constantly

992
00:44:18,520 --> 00:44:16,640
sniffing with their tongue so just

993
00:44:20,860 --> 00:44:18,530
smelling that's all it's doing just

994
00:44:23,230 --> 00:44:20,870
checking foot whatever it can identify I

995
00:44:24,760 --> 00:44:23,240
smell and what's the one question kids

996
00:44:26,830 --> 00:44:24,770
always ask you what's the one thing they

997
00:44:28,060 --> 00:44:26,840
want to know oh that's a good question

998
00:44:29,710 --> 00:44:28,070
because they've always coming up they're

999
00:44:31,720 --> 00:44:29,720
really interested but there must be one

1000
00:44:33,640 --> 00:44:31,730
thing that they my name is misconception

1001
00:44:35,200 --> 00:44:33,650
they've got from some fart I just work

1002
00:44:37,210 --> 00:44:35,210
out the question and it's a really

1003
00:44:40,880 --> 00:44:37,220
depressing question for me as a as a

1004
00:44:43,910 --> 00:44:40,890
scientist they ask me is it real

1005
00:44:47,270 --> 00:44:43,920
I know and I'm baffled by that question

1006
00:44:49,400 --> 00:44:47,280
because of course it's real there's a

1007
00:44:51,020 --> 00:44:49,410
few just basic questions I'll ask and

1008
00:44:53,210 --> 00:44:51,030
actually Johanna is a female obviously

1009
00:44:54,350 --> 00:44:53,220
what would a male sit there as calmly as

1010
00:44:56,540 --> 00:44:54,360
that although they're a bit more wacky

1011
00:44:58,520 --> 00:44:56,550
yeah yeah but again it's just a

1012
00:45:00,680 --> 00:44:58,530
conditioning process these are these are

1013
00:45:02,600 --> 00:45:00,690
like I call them flagship animals and it

1014
00:45:06,110 --> 00:45:02,610
takes a lot of conditioning to get them

1015
00:45:08,210 --> 00:45:06,120
used to people noise etc so they can

1016
00:45:10,010 --> 00:45:08,220
then be used as mascots for their for

1017
00:45:12,320 --> 00:45:10,020
their species or their habitats or

1018
00:45:15,140 --> 00:45:12,330
whatever messages we might have for an

1019
00:45:16,490 --> 00:45:15,150
audience yeah have a great time here at

1020
00:45:17,990 --> 00:45:16,500
the Museum tonight and thank you for

1021
00:45:21,730 --> 00:45:18,000
sharing your reptiles I'll see you

1022
00:45:28,070 --> 00:45:24,500
just a fashion tip for you scientists

1023
00:45:31,940 --> 00:45:28,080
out there from where I'm standing I can

1024
00:45:35,270 --> 00:45:31,950
see four women wearing MC Hammer pants

1025
00:45:36,950 --> 00:45:35,280
so MC Hammer pants are probably big in

1026
00:45:39,380 --> 00:45:36,960
the scientific field I don't know why

1027
00:45:41,540 --> 00:45:39,390
it's comfy it's winter it's if it's

1028
00:45:44,240 --> 00:45:41,550
happening it's now

1029
00:45:46,160 --> 00:45:44,250
that's the hot tip for scientists so if

1030
00:45:47,630 --> 00:45:46,170
you're a guy get into the MC Hammer

1031
00:45:50,569 --> 00:45:47,640
pants because the guys haven't picked up

1032
00:45:51,620 --> 00:45:50,579
on it yet people oh look I've just been

1033
00:45:54,829 --> 00:45:51,630
talking to some people and who've we got

1034
00:45:56,089 --> 00:45:54,839
here I'm Jesse and Mel and what does the

1035
00:45:57,470 --> 00:45:56,099
show you're doing for science wait I'm

1036
00:45:58,970 --> 00:45:57,480
sorry we're street science we've come

1037
00:46:00,470 --> 00:45:58,980
down from Brisbane and essentially we're

1038
00:46:02,450 --> 00:46:00,480
gonna be blowing stuff up on stage

1039
00:46:04,190 --> 00:46:02,460
getting the kids excited and yeah having

1040
00:46:06,650 --> 00:46:04,200
a whole bunch of fun okay hydrogen

1041
00:46:09,530 --> 00:46:06,660
peroxide 90% like Warner von braun

1042
00:46:11,420 --> 00:46:09,540
rocket fueled bang match we don't waste

1043
00:46:16,670 --> 00:46:11,430
our time trying to set hydrogen peroxide

1044
00:46:18,770 --> 00:46:16,680
on fire straight away no mucking about

1045
00:46:20,150 --> 00:46:18,780
and what seemed to excite the kids most

1046
00:46:22,339 --> 00:46:20,160
are they you know they kind of like all

1047
00:46:25,040 --> 00:46:22,349
scared or they like yeah bang bang I

1048
00:46:27,349 --> 00:46:25,050
reckon the liquid nitrogen they're not

1049
00:46:30,049 --> 00:46:27,359
scared of but very they should be fire

1050
00:46:32,540 --> 00:46:30,059
they could be but not with us we're

1051
00:46:36,710 --> 00:46:32,550
professionals so what's your favorite

1052
00:46:39,680 --> 00:46:36,720
thing you freeze poor rubber duckies

1053
00:46:40,849 --> 00:46:39,690
don't really stand much of a chance so

1054
00:46:42,500 --> 00:46:40,859
then you hit it with a hammer

1055
00:46:44,210 --> 00:46:42,510
no you just drop it on the floor that's

1056
00:46:45,890 --> 00:46:44,220
it as simple as that Wow

1057
00:46:48,020 --> 00:46:45,900
that is great I don't think the duckies

1058
00:46:50,720 --> 00:46:48,030
enjoyed it as much as we do though and

1059
00:46:53,240 --> 00:46:50,730
what have you got your degrees in I have

1060
00:46:54,859 --> 00:46:53,250
an undergraduate degree in secondary

1061
00:46:57,500 --> 00:46:54,869
education and I'm currently doing a PhD

1062
00:46:59,780 --> 00:46:57,510
in education and what's your background

1063
00:47:01,849 --> 00:46:59,790
I'm originally research scientist a

1064
00:47:03,380 --> 00:47:01,859
botanist and geneticist and I did my

1065
00:47:05,059 --> 00:47:03,390
graduate diploma in education as well

1066
00:47:07,700 --> 00:47:05,069
that's the third botanist the third

1067
00:47:10,430 --> 00:47:07,710
botanist I have met tonight okay what's

1068
00:47:12,740 --> 00:47:10,440
your favorite plant and why duranta

1069
00:47:15,200 --> 00:47:12,750
repentence its common name geisha girl

1070
00:47:17,180 --> 00:47:15,210
it's a very common ornamental around

1071
00:47:19,520 --> 00:47:17,190
Queensland and it's actually in my mum's

1072
00:47:20,930 --> 00:47:19,530
backyard is it a native no it's not

1073
00:47:22,490 --> 00:47:20,940
actually it's one of those fifties

1074
00:47:24,319 --> 00:47:22,500
plants that our parents like yeah

1075
00:47:26,240 --> 00:47:24,329
they're planted everywhere the colors

1076
00:47:28,549 --> 00:47:26,250
are so pretty it's got beautiful little

1077
00:47:30,230 --> 00:47:28,559
purple leaves geisha girl based off the

1078
00:47:32,539 --> 00:47:30,240
Japanese geisha are very pretty very

1079
00:47:34,370 --> 00:47:32,549
ornate well I like the cotton Easter

1080
00:47:35,839 --> 00:47:34,380
which of course is all around my place

1081
00:47:37,280 --> 00:47:35,849
in Newcastle my mum put them there to

1082
00:47:39,470 --> 00:47:37,290
50s thing as well they're like little

1083
00:47:41,089 --> 00:47:39,480
cherry things totally not native at all

1084
00:47:43,520 --> 00:47:41,099
they look stupid in Australia but they

1085
00:47:45,650 --> 00:47:43,530
go with 50s bricks we're making good use

1086
00:47:47,520 --> 00:47:45,660
of the tip awara or the Rosewood which

1087
00:47:49,170 --> 00:47:47,530
has those beautiful helicopters

1088
00:47:50,370 --> 00:47:49,180
so if you've ever cut those seeds throw

1089
00:47:51,750 --> 00:47:50,380
them up into the air they fly on their

1090
00:47:53,280 --> 00:47:51,760
way down we're using them for a new

1091
00:47:55,020 --> 00:47:53,290
National Science Week show and Brizzy as

1092
00:47:56,190 --> 00:47:55,030
well now of course everybody has

1093
00:47:57,900 --> 00:47:56,200
something that they want to do in their

1094
00:48:00,090 --> 00:47:57,910
show they haven't quite got the budget

1095
00:48:01,380 --> 00:48:00,100
for it to be too dangerous what's the

1096
00:48:03,030 --> 00:48:01,390
next thing you'd like to put into your

1097
00:48:04,860 --> 00:48:03,040
show that like I don't you give too much

1098
00:48:06,570 --> 00:48:04,870
away but yeah because there's stuff that

1099
00:48:07,680 --> 00:48:06,580
you want to do but you can't always do

1100
00:48:09,990 --> 00:48:07,690
it in front of kids for insurance

1101
00:48:11,400 --> 00:48:10,000
reasons you know I mean obviously I'd

1102
00:48:13,200 --> 00:48:11,410
like to fire a gun I mean who wouldn't

1103
00:48:14,700 --> 00:48:13,210
but you know teach them how bazooka

1104
00:48:16,500 --> 00:48:14,710
works but indoors that doesn't go so

1105
00:48:18,000 --> 00:48:16,510
well your favorite experiment is the

1106
00:48:19,200 --> 00:48:18,010
elephant's - my favorite experiment is

1107
00:48:21,300 --> 00:48:19,210
the elephant's toothpaste

1108
00:48:23,310 --> 00:48:21,310
I have extra-large elephant's toothpaste

1109
00:48:25,140 --> 00:48:23,320
would be very very awesome like a couple

1110
00:48:27,570 --> 00:48:25,150
of meters ha that could be awesome yeah

1111
00:48:28,950 --> 00:48:27,580
hang on is that that Indian toothpaste

1112
00:48:33,540 --> 00:48:28,960
it has no fluoride in it what do you

1113
00:48:36,090 --> 00:48:33,550
mean reaction that catalyzes and sort of

1114
00:48:38,640 --> 00:48:36,100
explodes out of a beautiful flask way up

1115
00:48:42,210 --> 00:48:38,650
into the air at the moment it's not on

1116
00:48:44,190 --> 00:48:42,220
the spittoon much well it is but on a

1117
00:48:46,410 --> 00:48:44,200
smaller scale I would like to make it

1118
00:48:48,420 --> 00:48:46,420
extra extra large we've got them jumping

1119
00:48:50,160 --> 00:48:48,430
maybe up to 80 centimeters out of a

1120
00:48:52,460 --> 00:48:50,170
flask but if you could up size it you

1121
00:48:55,440 --> 00:48:52,470
could get it what a meter and a half -

1122
00:48:56,580 --> 00:48:55,450
where can people find you guys online to

1123
00:48:58,860 --> 00:48:56,590
find out where you're doing shows in

1124
00:49:01,380 --> 00:48:58,870
Sydney and Brisbane in the future where

1125
00:49:02,880 --> 00:49:01,390
Street science comm dot-eu but of course

1126
00:49:04,320 --> 00:49:02,890
Facebook is where everything's at so

1127
00:49:05,970 --> 00:49:04,330
look for street science on Facebook

1128
00:49:07,680 --> 00:49:05,980
we're very proud to be down from

1129
00:49:09,780 --> 00:49:07,690
Brisbane for City Science Festival it's

1130
00:49:12,000 --> 00:49:09,790
going to be an absolute blast destroys

1131
00:49:18,150 --> 00:49:12,010
the pun happy science week boom boom

1132
00:49:20,970 --> 00:49:18,160
thank you my name is doctor I'm a doctor

1133
00:49:23,250 --> 00:49:20,980
of medicine I'm a pharmacologist I'm

1134
00:49:24,780 --> 00:49:23,260
doing PhD from University of Technology

1135
00:49:26,700 --> 00:49:24,790
Sydney with two scholarships from

1136
00:49:28,360 --> 00:49:26,710
Australian government and I would like

1137
00:49:31,750 --> 00:49:28,370
to say something

1138
00:49:34,660 --> 00:49:31,760
about like how innovation and new things

1139
00:49:36,460 --> 00:49:34,670
they can change the world and how new

1140
00:49:39,280 --> 00:49:36,470
people should come into this thing

1141
00:49:41,290 --> 00:49:39,290
toward science because science is the

1142
00:49:43,840 --> 00:49:41,300
thing that can lead this world towards

1143
00:49:46,840 --> 00:49:43,850
the next step and this world can live

1144
00:49:49,540 --> 00:49:46,850
more life because otherwise there is a

1145
00:49:52,480 --> 00:49:49,550
destruction but if we will focus on

1146
00:49:55,240 --> 00:49:52,490
science and we will do work on daily

1147
00:49:57,790 --> 00:49:55,250
basis we will do critical thinking there

1148
00:50:00,220 --> 00:49:57,800
would be this life for this world will

1149
00:50:02,860 --> 00:50:00,230
increase so we should focus on knowledge

1150
00:50:05,410 --> 00:50:02,870
not on the repetition or a bigger thing

1151
00:50:08,980 --> 00:50:05,420
or a more money-making they focus on

1152
00:50:10,780 --> 00:50:08,990
real science and real knowledge we

1153
00:50:12,220 --> 00:50:10,790
discovered one of the hidden fans

1154
00:50:14,410 --> 00:50:12,230
weren't one of the people who is

1155
00:50:15,790 --> 00:50:14,420
actually at the Madame frou frou cafe

1156
00:50:18,160 --> 00:50:15,800
when Richard and I there or sometimes

1157
00:50:19,450 --> 00:50:18,170
Tim and I there have you seen Jim and I

1158
00:50:22,450 --> 00:50:19,460
chatting in the corner of the Madame

1159
00:50:23,620 --> 00:50:22,460
frou frou have you I have so you can

1160
00:50:24,940 --> 00:50:23,630
tell people the whole bunga bunga

1161
00:50:28,120 --> 00:50:24,950
recording and the whole thing it mean

1162
00:50:30,190 --> 00:50:28,130
it's real delicious coffee poached eggs

1163
00:50:32,830 --> 00:50:30,200
smashed over the hallway in a West

1164
00:50:34,150 --> 00:50:32,840
experience you know it's great and what

1165
00:50:35,800 --> 00:50:34,160
do you think is different about Science

1166
00:50:38,140 --> 00:50:35,810
Week this year what's the exciting thing

1167
00:50:40,540 --> 00:50:38,150
this year there seems to be a buzz I

1168
00:50:42,370 --> 00:50:40,550
think a lot of media recently has

1169
00:50:46,120 --> 00:50:42,380
focused on things like the drought in

1170
00:50:48,430 --> 00:50:46,130
Australia the plastic bag ban people are

1171
00:50:51,040 --> 00:50:48,440
coming a lot more aware of the problems

1172
00:50:53,830 --> 00:50:51,050
facing us and that seems to be

1173
00:50:56,590 --> 00:50:53,840
reflecting here what yours bill

1174
00:50:59,890 --> 00:50:56,600
specialty in science my specialty is

1175
00:51:01,990 --> 00:50:59,900
micro biomes so my background is marine

1176
00:51:05,230 --> 00:51:02,000
micro biomes and then soil but now I do

1177
00:51:07,030 --> 00:51:05,240
a lot of human microbiome so yeah and as

1178
00:51:08,530 --> 00:51:07,040
a bit bacteriologist what's your

1179
00:51:10,530 --> 00:51:08,540
favorite bacteria you must have a

1180
00:51:13,720 --> 00:51:10,540
favorite one my favorite bacteria is

1181
00:51:15,940 --> 00:51:13,730
Helicobacter pylori the gut bug

1182
00:51:17,530 --> 00:51:15,950
yes the stomach ulcer the one that

1183
00:51:19,960 --> 00:51:17,540
people thought didn't really exist for a

1184
00:51:21,940 --> 00:51:19,970
while and the reason that's my favorite

1185
00:51:22,120 --> 00:51:21,950
not only because I've been infected by

1186
00:51:24,410 --> 00:51:22,130
it

1187
00:51:26,990 --> 00:51:24,420
my dad just goes on

1188
00:51:29,180 --> 00:51:27,000
bloody time bloody bands like you would

1189
00:51:30,680 --> 00:51:29,190
not believe but it's a great story in

1190
00:51:34,340 --> 00:51:30,690
Australian science because we actually

1191
00:51:36,290 --> 00:51:34,350
won a Nobel Prize is the researcher no

1192
00:51:39,410 --> 00:51:36,300
one believed everyone for stomach ulcers

1193
00:51:42,680 --> 00:51:39,420
were caused by stress so he grew this in

1194
00:51:45,140 --> 00:51:42,690
a bottle and drank it and gave himself a

1195
00:51:47,420 --> 00:51:45,150
stomach ulcer and hence demonstrator

1196
00:51:49,220 --> 00:51:47,430
that this is what causes that so it's a

1197
00:51:51,740 --> 00:51:49,230
great bacteria it's a great example of

1198
00:51:53,360 --> 00:51:51,750
how bacteria manipulate the world around

1199
00:51:54,710 --> 00:51:53,370
them thank you very much few time so

1200
00:51:56,900 --> 00:51:54,720
where can we catch you online to have a

1201
00:51:59,270 --> 00:51:56,910
debate or discussion with it catch me at

1202
00:52:02,990 --> 00:51:59,280
Thomas underscore Jefferies on Twitter

1203
00:52:06,290 --> 00:52:03,000
or at Western Sydney University or on at

1204
00:52:08,590 --> 00:52:06,300
James org dot au which is our Sydney and

1205
00:52:11,480 --> 00:52:08,600
now national as of a few weeks ago

1206
00:52:13,610 --> 00:52:11,490
microbiology Society you'll have a huge

1207
00:52:16,970 --> 00:52:13,620
science weeks and may all your bacterias

1208
00:52:18,860 --> 00:52:16,980
have an external coating thank you we

1209
00:52:21,080 --> 00:52:18,870
have a Reuben the surfing scientist also

1210
00:52:23,090 --> 00:52:21,090
named after a sandwich well done now as

1211
00:52:24,740 --> 00:52:23,100
a surfing scientist I'll get the highly

1212
00:52:26,480 --> 00:52:24,750
controversial question out of the way

1213
00:52:28,040 --> 00:52:26,490
first what is the best way to get

1214
00:52:29,240 --> 00:52:28,050
yourself out of a rip if you're in one

1215
00:52:33,680 --> 00:52:29,250
what's your opinion

1216
00:52:35,570 --> 00:52:33,690
you swim parallel to the beach and soon

1217
00:52:38,390 --> 00:52:35,580
enough you will get washed into the

1218
00:52:40,970 --> 00:52:38,400
shore it's it's a very narrow little

1219
00:52:42,530 --> 00:52:40,980
current and then if you try and swim

1220
00:52:45,080 --> 00:52:42,540
against that you're stuffed but if you

1221
00:52:46,610 --> 00:52:45,090
swim at 90 degrees to the rip you'll

1222
00:52:48,410 --> 00:52:46,620
soon get washed straight back to shore

1223
00:52:49,820 --> 00:52:48,420
no what about just floating there and

1224
00:52:51,590 --> 00:52:49,830
being carried around does that work as

1225
00:52:54,200 --> 00:52:51,600
well yes you could you could float but

1226
00:52:56,780 --> 00:52:54,210
if it's a mega rip it could be a long

1227
00:52:58,310 --> 00:52:56,790
journey it might take a while because

1228
00:53:01,100 --> 00:52:58,320
we're coming up to I think or the

1229
00:53:02,180 --> 00:53:01,110
anniversary of the movie Jaws and like

1230
00:53:03,830 --> 00:53:02,190
people go haul this thing and

1231
00:53:05,660 --> 00:53:03,840
occasionally surfer will have a someone

1232
00:53:07,460 --> 00:53:05,670
have a go at him but it's not really on

1233
00:53:09,650 --> 00:53:07,470
a day-to-day level a problem at all is

1234
00:53:12,410 --> 00:53:09,660
it it's the farthest thing from a

1235
00:53:16,280 --> 00:53:12,420
problem that it could be however I know

1236
00:53:17,950 --> 00:53:16,290
the statistics quite well how unlikely

1237
00:53:21,080 --> 00:53:17,960
it is that I will get bitten by a shark

1238
00:53:23,480 --> 00:53:21,090
however if I'm at at dusk and I'm the

1239
00:53:25,130 --> 00:53:23,490
last person out I will literally walk on

1240
00:53:27,490 --> 00:53:25,140
water to get to shore the fear that

1241
00:53:29,840 --> 00:53:27,500
overcomes me I can't explain how

1242
00:53:31,310 --> 00:53:29,850
terrified I get you'll be good to that

1243
00:53:32,690 --> 00:53:31,320
that's when those that that's when

1244
00:53:33,830 --> 00:53:32,700
they're in their feeding cycle once is

1245
00:53:35,210 --> 00:53:33,840
that the said well it is or is that the

1246
00:53:37,520 --> 00:53:35,220
fact the water's dark and you can't see

1247
00:53:38,150 --> 00:53:37,530
oh look there's so many theories about

1248
00:53:41,570 --> 00:53:38,160
this

1249
00:53:44,630 --> 00:53:41,580
and it is if we do know that you should

1250
00:53:48,170 --> 00:53:44,640
probably shouldn't surf at dusk or dawn

1251
00:53:50,030 --> 00:53:48,180
but I've served so many times it does go

1252
00:53:51,740 --> 00:53:50,040
dawn it's not like at dusk or dawn

1253
00:53:53,980 --> 00:53:51,750
if you throw a piece of meat in the

1254
00:53:57,860 --> 00:53:53,990
water it would boil with shark activity

1255
00:54:00,830 --> 00:53:57,870
so if not like the risk is outrageous

1256
00:54:03,290 --> 00:54:00,840
but what happens to me is this human

1257
00:54:05,690 --> 00:54:03,300
instinct there's a circuit in my brain

1258
00:54:07,040 --> 00:54:05,700
that's very primitive and I can't wait

1259
00:54:08,810 --> 00:54:07,050
to get out of the water but if there was

1260
00:54:12,020 --> 00:54:08,820
just one other surfer out there that

1261
00:54:14,090 --> 00:54:12,030
goes away it evaporates so you know it's

1262
00:54:15,740 --> 00:54:14,100
primitive stuff and where can we see you

1263
00:54:16,910 --> 00:54:15,750
online and see what you got up to and

1264
00:54:19,490 --> 00:54:16,920
what you're doing and what do you shoot

1265
00:54:21,490 --> 00:54:19,500
videos about usually well the latest

1266
00:54:25,340 --> 00:54:21,500
thing that you'll see is I've just

1267
00:54:30,140 --> 00:54:25,350
filmed some stuff for Kids WB on channel

1268
00:54:32,750 --> 00:54:30,150
9 at 9 go Kids WB what WB is Warner

1269
00:54:36,130 --> 00:54:32,760
Brothers and it's the cartoons that they

1270
00:54:39,320 --> 00:54:36,140
play on channel 9 and in between those

1271
00:54:41,030 --> 00:54:39,330
cartoons I come on and I do little

1272
00:54:42,740 --> 00:54:41,040
science experiments and what's an

1273
00:54:45,200 --> 00:54:42,750
example of one of you did you the Jag

1274
00:54:46,970 --> 00:54:45,210
put some like c-4 explosive inside

1275
00:54:49,550 --> 00:54:46,980
someone's lunch box or so another yeah

1276
00:54:52,280 --> 00:54:49,560
yeah we built a nuclear bomb and we

1277
00:54:54,050 --> 00:54:52,290
exploded it know about time someone did

1278
00:54:55,970 --> 00:54:54,060
some work with thorium in Australia

1279
00:55:00,050 --> 00:54:55,980
we've been lagging we've been really

1280
00:55:02,360 --> 00:55:00,060
slack yeah kids TV is it's not dangerous

1281
00:55:06,590 --> 00:55:02,370
enough anymore now what we did do some

1282
00:55:09,770 --> 00:55:06,600
fun stuff made oxygen using hydrogen

1283
00:55:12,170 --> 00:55:09,780
peroxide and ordinary bleach

1284
00:55:14,540 --> 00:55:12,180
and you make enough oxygen to relight a

1285
00:55:16,220 --> 00:55:14,550
glowing splint now I've found that

1286
00:55:18,740 --> 00:55:16,230
little experiment in the Journal of

1287
00:55:21,110 --> 00:55:18,750
chemical education and unfortunately on

1288
00:55:24,380 --> 00:55:21,120
kids IV V I didn't get time to cite that

1289
00:55:26,900 --> 00:55:24,390
paper but Journal of chemical education

1290
00:55:29,600 --> 00:55:26,910
what a wonderful wonderful Journal now

1291
00:55:31,760 --> 00:55:29,610
I'm just thinking hydrogen peroxide and

1292
00:55:34,790 --> 00:55:31,770
bleached that's getting very close to v2

1293
00:55:37,610 --> 00:55:34,800
rocket fuel actually I don't know what

1294
00:55:39,740 --> 00:55:37,620
what was v2 rocket fuel was it h2 it was

1295
00:55:41,630 --> 00:55:39,750
it well yeah they had it divided up yeah

1296
00:55:42,920 --> 00:55:41,640
hot hydrogen peroxide was one of the

1297
00:55:44,810 --> 00:55:42,930
ones and they added something to it up

1298
00:55:47,720 --> 00:55:44,820
they weightless yeah right because I'm

1299
00:55:50,990 --> 00:55:47,730
the jet rocket fuel data takers when you

1300
00:55:52,250 --> 00:55:51,000
see a V V to fall over and busts and

1301
00:55:54,260 --> 00:55:52,260
there's about two seconds and then

1302
00:55:57,230 --> 00:55:54,270
suddenly both containers break and mix

1303
00:55:58,880 --> 00:55:57,240
kaboom oh and and one of those

1304
00:56:01,910 --> 00:55:58,890
containers that's going up is in fact

1305
00:56:03,650 --> 00:56:01,920
hydrogen peroxide ah ah well that makes

1306
00:56:05,990 --> 00:56:03,660
sense because if you've got ninety

1307
00:56:08,360 --> 00:56:06,000
percent hydrogen peroxide and you chuck

1308
00:56:10,970 --> 00:56:08,370
some catalyst in it it decomposes to

1309
00:56:13,520 --> 00:56:10,980
oxygen and water and the oxygen is a gas

1310
00:56:15,950 --> 00:56:13,530
and it expands rapidly and you can jet

1311
00:56:18,140 --> 00:56:15,960
propel yourself with that I was only

1312
00:56:20,420 --> 00:56:18,150
using three percent hydrogen peroxide

1313
00:56:22,310 --> 00:56:20,430
you can buy it from Woolies Cole

1314
00:56:23,810 --> 00:56:22,320
Warner von Braun that's right he went to

1315
00:56:26,300 --> 00:56:23,820
the supermarket didn't work he said no

1316
00:56:28,640 --> 00:56:26,310
we need the stronger stuff you've

1317
00:56:31,010 --> 00:56:28,650
Scottish accent yeah okay right so only

1318
00:56:32,600 --> 00:56:31,020
3% of course because all chemicals

1319
00:56:33,980 --> 00:56:32,610
aren't the same hydrogen peroxide comes

1320
00:56:36,620 --> 00:56:33,990
in different strengths that's right

1321
00:56:38,120 --> 00:56:36,630
that's right and if you're a science

1322
00:56:40,460 --> 00:56:38,130
nerd and you want to try this it's the

1323
00:56:43,130 --> 00:56:40,470
it's really great it's not my idea h2o

1324
00:56:45,770 --> 00:56:43,140
to go to Cole's or Woolworths reaper

1325
00:56:47,450 --> 00:56:45,780
sent stuff and goggles on home yeah you

1326
00:56:49,610 --> 00:56:47,460
probably should but if you're doing this

1327
00:56:51,260 --> 00:56:49,620
in an Erlenmeyer flask and you just put

1328
00:56:53,720 --> 00:56:51,270
a little bit of ordinary household

1329
00:56:56,180 --> 00:56:53,730
bleach mix just a splash you'll see a

1330
00:56:58,370 --> 00:56:56,190
lot of fizzing and every bubble is full

1331
00:57:01,460 --> 00:56:58,380
of pure oxygen and you can use that

1332
00:57:04,010 --> 00:57:01,470
oxygen to show kids that for instance if

1333
00:57:06,560 --> 00:57:04,020
you light a splint and blow it out the

1334
00:57:09,710 --> 00:57:06,570
glowing splint will reignite in that

1335
00:57:11,060 --> 00:57:09,720
oxygen and it's just it's like magic and

1336
00:57:12,260 --> 00:57:11,070
where can we find you online again to

1337
00:57:14,600 --> 00:57:12,270
have a look at your videos and things

1338
00:57:17,660 --> 00:57:14,610
ABC don't net dot a you slash science

1339
00:57:18,860 --> 00:57:17,670
slash surfing scientists yay Ruben the

1340
00:57:20,440 --> 00:57:18,870
surfing scientists thanks for talking to

1341
00:57:26,630 --> 00:57:20,450
us and have a great science week

1342
00:57:42,930 --> 00:57:33,540
[Music]

1343
00:57:47,339 --> 00:57:45,220
thank you for listening to the skeptic

1344
00:57:50,079 --> 00:57:47,349
zone on next week's show

1345
00:57:52,990 --> 00:57:50,089
speed meet the scientists part three

1346
00:57:55,720 --> 00:57:53,000
even more scientists to meet and tall

1347
00:57:57,130 --> 00:57:55,730
stories of shipwrecks that's an

1348
00:57:58,210 --> 00:57:57,140
interesting one something to look

1349
00:58:00,579 --> 00:57:58,220
forward to next week

1350
00:58:05,349 --> 00:58:00,589
also our reporter Kevin Davies brings us

1351
00:58:07,960 --> 00:58:05,359
an interview about how a Star Wars can

1352
00:58:10,660 --> 00:58:07,970
be used in military tactics that's an

1353
00:58:13,540 --> 00:58:10,670
unusual one but interesting I catch up

1354
00:58:15,250 --> 00:58:13,550
with the challenge coordinator an

1355
00:58:16,870 --> 00:58:15,260
investigator from Australian skeptics

1356
00:58:20,770 --> 00:58:16,880
Ian Bryce who's going to be giving us

1357
00:58:22,780 --> 00:58:20,780
the latest on the Higgs boson it's still

1358
00:58:25,960 --> 00:58:22,790
going I think we don't hear much about

1359
00:58:28,599 --> 00:58:25,970
it anymore we might soon find out next

1360
00:58:30,190 --> 00:58:28,609
week our new reporter and this is

1361
00:58:32,079 --> 00:58:30,200
exciting our new reporter Michelle

1362
00:58:34,270 --> 00:58:32,089
Franklin from the Northern Territory is

1363
00:58:34,799 --> 00:58:34,280
going to be telling us about Maggie the

1364
00:58:37,660 --> 00:58:34,809
moggy

1365
00:58:40,260 --> 00:58:37,670
but our special interview next week will

1366
00:58:42,579 --> 00:58:40,270
be with Professor adjunct professor

1367
00:58:45,339 --> 00:58:42,589
associate adjunct professor something

1368
00:58:48,400 --> 00:58:45,349
like that professor Paul Willis a

1369
00:58:50,710 --> 00:58:48,410
longtime friend of the skeptic zone our

1370
00:58:52,960 --> 00:58:50,720
Paul is based in Adelaide and he's going

1371
00:58:57,069 --> 00:58:52,970
to be commenting on a recent report

1372
00:58:59,770 --> 00:58:57,079
about the decline in belief in

1373
00:59:02,200 --> 00:58:59,780
creationism amongst university students

1374
00:59:05,349 --> 00:59:02,210
not surprising after all these years

1375
00:59:07,000 --> 00:59:05,359
that belief in creationism would be

1376
00:59:09,670 --> 00:59:07,010
declining it's something we just don't

1377
00:59:12,640 --> 00:59:09,680
hear much about anymore although it's

1378
00:59:14,470 --> 00:59:12,650
still there it's still there so lots to

1379
00:59:17,170 --> 00:59:14,480
look forward to on the next episode but

1380
00:59:23,829 --> 00:59:17,180
for now this is Richard Saunders signing

1381
00:59:25,900 --> 00:59:23,839
off from Sydney Australia you've been

1382
00:59:32,829 --> 00:59:25,910
listening to the skeptic zone podcast

1383
00:59:35,289 --> 00:59:32,839
please visit our website at wwlp.com tax

1384
00:59:39,309 --> 00:59:35,299
and to access the bat catalog of

1385
00:59:41,049 --> 00:59:39,319
episodes going back to 2008 you can

1386
00:59:44,109 --> 00:59:41,059
follow the skeptic zone podcast on

1387
00:59:46,359 --> 00:59:44,119
twitter at skeptic zone visit our

1388
00:59:47,650 --> 00:59:46,369
facebook page or leave a review on

1389
00:59:49,960 --> 00:59:47,660
itunes

1390
00:59:53,319 --> 00:59:49,970
you can also support the sceptic zone

1391
00:59:56,710 --> 00:59:53,329
via patreon or PayPal the sceptic zone

1392
00:59:58,420 --> 00:59:56,720
podcast is an independent production the

1393
01:00:00,579 --> 00:59:58,430
views and opinions expressed on the

1394
01:00:02,920 --> 01:00:00,589
sceptic zone are not necessarily those

1395
01:00:04,740 --> 01:00:02,930
of Australian skeptics or any other